The industrialization of the United States coincided with the decline of Romanticism and the beginning of Realism. American Literature at the time became national in point of view, rather than provincial. New England was more the only center of literary activity. Now the wide frontier was being considered.
In its social Realism had its support in the principles of Liberalism and it also put deep faith in science, strongly rejecting romantic sentimentalism. In content, Realist literature was concerned with middle and lower class problems, criticising social issues and taking up technical subjects such as agriculture and industry in addition to the more traditional literary themes of love and suffering.
In the area of style Realist literature rejects the artificial poetic diction of the previous period and adopts everyday language, as it is spoken by ordinary people. A to form, Realism brought about the novel as as definitely established genre.
One may say that American Realism had its beginning in what is commonly called "local color literature", a mixture of romanticism and realism which was probably influenced by the frontier tradition of tall tales or humourously exaggerated anecdotes and the works of Sir Walter Scott. Local color fiction is concerned'with common scenes of everyday life and the typical characteristics of a particular region. Much os this its effects comes from the accurate use of dialect, and the presentation of interesting human types as well as regional interests and occupations. Local color fiction may be considered a predecessor of Regionalism.
Among the local color writers, Francis Brett Harte, generally known as Bret Harte and Joel Chandler Harris are the most representative.
By Marisis Aranha Camargo
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